CDL Training Requirements (ELDT) Explained: Full Breakdown

Thinking about getting your CDL but unsure about the CDL training requirements (ELDT)? The Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) regulations set by the FMCSA ensure that all new drivers meet standardized safety and skill criteria. Before you start your journey, you need to understand the key CDL training requirements, including eligibility criteria, ELDT provider rules, and mandatory theory and behind-the-wheel training. In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know to successfully complete your CDL training and start your trucking career. Scroll down for more!

What is the CDL training ELDT?

The Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) is a federal training standard established by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) to ensure all new commercial drivers receive consistent, high-quality instruction before obtaining a Class A or B CDL or certain endorsements. Implemented on February 7, 2022, ELDT applies to:

First-time Class A or B CDL applicants.
Those upgrading from a Class B to a Class A CDL.
Applicants seeking endorsements for Passenger (P), School Bus (S), or Hazardous Materials (H).

Without ELDT-compliant training, you cannot take your CDL skills test or obtain certain endorsements.

CDL Training Requirements (ELDT)

Before enrolling in an ELDT program, you must meet specific requirements set by the FMCSA:

1. Age & Legal Requirements

Must be at least 18 years old for intrastate driving (within one state).
Must be 21 years old for interstate driving (crossing state lines) or hauling hazardous materials.
Must have a valid driver’s license with a clean driving record and background (some violations may disqualify applicants).
Must be legally eligible to work in the U.S. and meet state-specific licensing regulations.

2. Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP)

Before enrolling in an ELDT program, you must obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP) from your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV).
To get a CLP, applicants must pass a written knowledge test covering traffic laws, vehicle operation, and safety procedures.

3. ELDT Provider Requirements

Training must be completed at an FMCSA-registered training provider, listed in the Training Provider Registry (TPR).
The training provider must cover both theory (classroom) and behind-the-wheel (BTW) training to ensure comprehensive CDL preparation.
Only FMCSA-approved providers can issue completion certificates, which are required before taking the CDL skills test.

4. Medical & Physical Fitness

All CDL applicants must pass a Department of Transportation (DOT) physical exam, conducted by an FMCSA-certified medical examiner.
The exam assesses vision, hearing, blood pressure, and overall physical fitness to ensure drivers are capable of handling commercial vehicles safely.
Upon passing, drivers receive a Medical Examiner’s Certificate (MEC), which is valid for up to two years, depending on medical conditions.
Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, or epilepsy, may require additional medical documentation or restrictions.

5. Theory & Behind-the-Wheel (BTW) Training

The ELDT mandate requires entry-level drivers to complete mandatory classroom instruction (theory) covering topics such as:
- Safe vehicle operations (e.g., turning, backing, braking techniques).
- Federal and state regulations related to commercial driving.
- Vehicle control systems and reporting malfunctions.
- Handling hazardous materials (if applicable).
Theory training does not require a minimum number of hours, but trainees must pass a written theory exam with a minimum score of 80%.
Practical, behind-the-wheel (BTW) training must be conducted on public roads and controlled testing sites, covering real-world driving scenarios.

6. Minimum Training Hours & State-Specific Requirements

The FMCSA does not require a minimum number of training hours for theory instruction, but all required topics must be covered.
Some states have additional CDL training requirements, including minimum training hours for behind-the-wheel instruction. For example, according to the requirements of Washington State, you have to complete the following minimum training hours:

Class of CDL	Minimum training required
Class A	160 total hours, including at least: 40 hours – of classroom instruction 18 hours – of street driving training 16 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 16 hours – of proficiency development 70 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Class B	80 total hours, including at least: 40 hours – of classroom instruction 14 hours – of street driving training 8 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 8 hours – proficiency development 10 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Upgrade Class B to Class A	80 total hours, including at least: 18 hours – of street driving training 16 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 16 hours – of proficiency development 30 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Class C	80 total hours, including at least: 40 hours – of classroom instruction 14 hours – of street driving training 8 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 8 hours – proficiency development 10 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Upgrade Class C to Class B	40 total hours, including at least: 14 hours – of street driving training 8 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 8 hours – proficiency development 10 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Upgrade Class C to Class A	80 total hours, including at least: 18 hours – of street driving training 16 hours – of training in backing maneuvers 16 hours – of proficiency development 30 hours – combined lab training, range training, and observation
Passenger	14 total hours, including at least: 4 hours – of classroom instruction 10 hours – of proficiency development
School Bus	30 total hours, including at least: 20 hours – of classroom instruction 10 hours – of proficiency development
Passenger and School Bus	30 total hours, including at least: 20 hours – of classroom instruction 10 hours – of proficiency development
Hazmat	16 total hours, including at least: 16 hours – of classroom instruction

Check with your state’s DMV or licensing authority for specific CDL training hour requirements.

How to enroll in an ELDT program

To meet CDL training requirements, you must enroll in an FMCSA-approved ELDT program. Follow these steps:

Step 1: Obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP)

Visit your local DMV to apply for a CLP.
Pass the written knowledge test for the CDL class you’re pursuing.

Step 2: Choose an FMCSA-Approved Training Provider

Search the FMCSA’s Training Provider Registry (TPR).
Compare cost, location, and training duration.
Verify the program meets ELDT standards.

Step 3: Compare Program Formats

Choose between:

Online Theory + In-Person BTW: Study theory remotely, then complete hands-on training locally.
Full In-Person Programs: Traditional classroom and driving sessions.

Step 4: Submit Documentation

Provide a valid learner’s permit, DOT medical certificate, and proof of identity.

Step 5: Complete the Required ELDT Training

Theory Training: Covers road safety, vehicle systems, hours of service, and hazardous materials regulations.
Behind-the-Wheel (BTW) Training: Includes basic controls, backing, turning, and road driving.
Training is only valid if completed at an FMCSA-registered provider.

After you complete the training, your provider will submit your completion to the TPR within 48 hours.

FAQs

1. Who is exempt from ELDT?

Some drivers do not need to complete ELDT, including:

Drivers who obtained a CDL before February 7, 2022.
Military personnel using the FMCSA’s Military Skills Test Waiver.
Individuals seeking only intrastate CDL licenses (varies by state regulations).

2. Can ELDT training be done online?

Yes, online training through FMCSA-approved providers is allowed for theory instruction. However, behind-the-wheel (BTW) training must be done in person with an FMCSA-registered school. Hybrid programs (e.g., Theory Online + BTW In-Person) are common.

Final Thoughts

The FMCSA’s CDL training requirements (ELDT) ensure drivers are prepared for modern road challenges. By enrolling in an FMCSA-compliant program, completing both theory and practical training, and understanding exemptions, you’ll meet compliance and boost your employability. Ready to start? Find an FMCSA-approved ELDT provider and take your first step today!