Getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) starts with understanding the CDL license requirements, because missing a single step could delay your driving career. Whether you’re a first-time applicant or upgrading your license, knowing the age limits, medical standards, training requirements, and testing process is crucial. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to qualify, pass your exams, and get on the road as quickly as possible. Check now!
What are the federal CDL license requirements?
To obtain a CDL in the U.S, you must meet specific federal and state requirements on age limits, documentation, training, and testing. Here is a detailed breakdown of common requirements you must fulfill:
1. Age Requirements
- Intrastate Driving (Within a Single State): You must be at least 18 years old to drive a commercial vehicle within state borders.
- Interstate Driving (Across State Lines): You must be 21 years old to drive a commercial vehicle across state lines or obtain endorsements for:
- Hazardous materials (HAZMAT)
- School bus operation
- Passenger transport
2. Necessary Documentation
When applying for a CDL, you must provide proof of identity, legal presence, and residency. Below are the accepted documents:
- Proof of Identity (One of the following)
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- Valid U.S. passport
- Certified birth certificate
- Permanent resident card (Green Card)
- Proof of Legal Presence (One of the following)
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- Employment authorization card
- Unexpired foreign passport with appropriate visas
- Proof of Residency (One or more of the following)
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- Utility bills
- Lease or rental agreements
- Bank statements
- Social Security Number (SSN): to verify records with the Social Security Administration.
- A valid driver’s license
All documents must be original or certified copies—photocopies will not be accepted.
3. Driving Record Requirements
Your driving history plays a crucial role in determining CDL eligibility. Certain infractions can disqualify you from obtaining a CDL, such as:
- Multiple traffic violations within the last 10 years
- Reckless driving or hit-and-run offenses
- DUI or drug-related convictions
Felonies involving a commercial vehicle - Violations of out-of-service orders
Before applying, it’s important to check your driving record and resolve any outstanding violations.
4. Self-Certification of Driving Type
CDL applicants must self-certify their type of commercial driving in one of four categories:
- Non-Excepted Interstate: Required for drivers crossing state lines while following all federal CDL regulations.
- Excepted Interstate: For drivers of government vehicles or others exempt from federal regulations.
- Non-Excepted Intrastate: For drivers operating within a single state under full state regulations.
- Excepted Intrastate: For those exempt from state CDL requirements, such as farm-related or emergency vehicle drivers.
If you select a non-excepted category, you must also pass a medical examination (covered in the next section).
5. CDL Medical Requirements
To ensure public safety, CDL holders must meet specific medical qualifications. If you fall under a non-excepted category, you must pass a DOT medical exam conducted by an FMCSA-certified medical examiner.
Medical exam includes the following common:
- Vision Test: Minimum 20/40 vision in each eye (corrective lenses allowed) and at least 70-degree peripheral vision.
- Hearing Test: Ability to perceive a forced whisper from 5 feet away.
- Blood Pressure: Must be below 140/90 to pass without restrictions.
- Urinalysis: Screens for diabetes, kidney issues, or drug use.
- Physical Examination: Checks for hernias, limb mobility, and neurological conditions.
After passing the medical exam, you will receive a DOT Medical Card, which must be kept valid according to state and federal guidelines. Most certifications last up to 2 years, but certain medical conditions may require more frequent evaluations.
6. Obtain a Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP)
Before getting a CDL, you must first obtain a CLP by taking the written tests for the CLP, such as:
- General Knowledge Test – Required for all CDL applicants.
- Air Brakes Test – If operating a vehicle equipped with air brakes.
- Combination Vehicles Test – Required for Class A CDL applicants.
- Additional Endorsement Tests – Based on desired endorsements (e.g., HAZMAT, Passenger, School Bus).
You must achieve a minimum score of 80% on each test to pass and obtain a CLP. Once you obtain a CLP, you must hold it for at least 14 days before scheduling your CDL skills test.
7. Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) Requirement
As of February 7, 2022, the FMCSA mandates Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) for:
- First-time CDL applicants (Class A or B).
- Drivers upgrading from Class B to Class A.
- Drivers seeking endorsements (Hazmat, School Bus, Passenger Transport).
A standard ELDT program includes:
- Theoretical Training: Classroom instruction covering federal/state regulations, vehicle inspections, and safe driving.
- Behind-the-Wheel Training: Practical driving experience under supervision.
You must complete ELDT through an FMCSA-approved training provider before taking the CDL skills test.
8. CDL Skills Test – Final Step to Getting Your License
After completing training and holding your CLP for at least 14 days, you can schedule the CDL skills test at an approved testing facility. The test includes:
- Pre-Trip Vehicle Inspection:
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- Demonstrate how to properly inspect a commercial vehicle before driving.
- Identify potential mechanical issues and explain their impact.
- Basic Vehicle Control Test: Perform parking, backing, and other maneuvers in a controlled area.
- On-the-Road Driving Test: Showcase your ability to safely operate a commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions.
Upon successfully passing all three sections, you will be issued a CDL!
FAQs
1. Do CDL license requirements vary by state?
Yes, while federal CDL requirements apply nationwide, individual states may impose additional regulations such as minimum training hours, testing procedures, or specific endorsements.
2. Are there medical CDL license requirements?
Yes, applicants must pass a DOT physical exam administered by an FMCSA-certified medical examiner. The exam evaluates vision, hearing, blood pressure, and general physical health.
3. What documents are needed to meet CDL license requirements?
You need to prepare the following documents:
- Proof of identity (passport, birth certificate, driver’s license)
- Proof of legal presence (employment authorization, visa, or residency card)
- Proof of state residency (utility bill, lease, or bank statement)
- Social Security Number verification
Final thoughts
Understanding CDL license requirements is essential for anyone looking to enter the commercial driving industry. From age restrictions and medical exams to training and testing, each step ensures that drivers are well-prepared for the road. Be sure to check with your state’s DMV for any specific requirements and start your CDL journey today!
