Is the following example within legal HOS limits? - A trucker starts driving at 12:00pm - At 5pm the driver takes a 1 hour break - At 6pm the driver begins driving again - At 11:30pm, the driver shuts down and goes off duty for 10 consecutive hours.

During the 14 consecutive hour on duty period, you are only allowed to drive your truck for up to 11 total hours. Once you have driven a total of 11 hours, you have reached the driving limit and must be off duty for another 10 consecutive hours before driving your truck again.
There are times when you will be required to take a 30 minute break. If you have been on duty for more than 8 consecutive hours without at least 30 minutes off duty, you are not allowed to operate a CMV until a 30 minute break is taken. You may perform on duty tasks but you cannot drive.