How to get a CDL: A step-by-step guide to start your driving career

Are you planning to kickstart an enriching career in commercial driving? Knowing how to get a CDL is the first milestone you need to achieve. To get a CDL, you must go through several steps from applying form, deciding on vehicle and driving options, getting a permit, completing training, to passing a skills test.

But don’t need to worry of overwhelmed with these completed processes. We break down the whole process into small and detailed steps for you to follow easily. But first, major requirements to obtain a CDL are presented to ensure you are qualified for the application process. Scroll down for more details on getting a CDL!

What are the requirements for the CDL?

There are some key requirements you must meet before obtaining a CDL. Here is what you need to prepare:

• Age requirements:
  • At least 18 years old to obtain intrastate which allows you to drive within state lines.
  • At least 21 years old to get interstate which allows you to drive across state lines or transport hazardous materials.
• Valid driver’s license: A valid non-commercial driver’s license is required at the time of applying for a CDL.
• Proof of identity: A passport or birth certificate is necessary to verify your identity.
• Proof of residency: You are required to provide two documents, such as utility bills or lease agreements, to verify your residency state.
• Social Security verification: You need a verified number from the Social Security Administration to know whether your identity and eligibility can be established.
• Background and driving record check: The DOT will check your background and driving records for any offenses. A clear driving record will boost your application.
• Medical requirements: You must take a DOT medical exam to confirm you are physically and mentally fit. You would require an MEC issued by an FMCSA license examiner to confirm you meet the federal standards.
• Commercial Learner’s Permit (CLP): You must obtain a CLP before being allowed to take the CDL skills test.
• Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT): All new applicants for a Class A or B CDL and those applying for endorsements have to secure an ELDT with a provider registered by the Provider Registry.
• Pass the practical driving test.
• Pay the required fees

How to get a CDL

Follow these detailed steps to earn your CDL and launch your commercial driving career:

Step 1: Submit your CDL application

To begin the process of obtaining your CDL, you will first need to visit the DMV nearest you and bring along all necessary documents. At the DMV office, you need to fill out the CDL certification form, which asks you to certify that you are qualified to operate a commercial vehicle.

If you have recently experienced any change in your physical condition that would impact your ability to safely drive, you will be asked to provide an additional medical form. Additionally, the staff at DMV will check your driving record or your eligibility to apply. They will check if there were previous violations or some disqualifying conditions that will affect your application.

Having all your documents and forms ready will make your procedures easier and quickly place you in the next step.

Step 2: Select your CDL class and vehicle

One of the most important things you must do is determine what class of CDL you will obtain. The classes of CDL are as follows:

• Class A CDL: Combination vehicles with a gross combination weight rating over 26,001 pounds with the towing vehicle exceeding 10,000 pounds
• Class B CDL: Single vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 26,001 pounds.
• Class C CDL: Vehicle transporting 16 or more passengers (including the driver) or hauling hazardous materials.

You also need to determine whether you are an excepted or non-excepted driver. Non-excepted drivers will be obliged to take a physical exam with a Medical Examiner’s Certificate, ensuring they have acceptable health to drive a commercial vehicle. 

To know more about the medical examination process and requirements, you can read our post on CDL medical exam.

Step 3: Pass the written tests

After deciding on your vehicle operation, you must take and pass one or more written tests to determine your knowledge foundation to safely drive a commercial vehicle. The number of tests depends on which class and endorsements you desire to obtain. In general, here are key written tests you should complete:

General knowledge test

This general knowledge test is mandatory for all CDL applicants, encompassing areas such as road safety, basic vehicle control, hazard awareness, and inspection basics. This exam usually consists of 50 multiple-choice questions, requiring at least an 80% passing score. The key areas in general knowledge test involve:

• Operating your vehicle: Questions related to principles of safe driving techniques.
• Pre-trip inspection: This section examines your ability to inspect a vehicle’s safety features.
• Control of vehicle: Questions about steering, acceleration, and braking.
• Visibility and following distance: Knowledge of keeping appropriate distance and visibility.
• Space and stopping distance: Questions about how much space is available in various driving conditions.
• Driving conditions: Adjusting to changes in the weather and road conditions.
• Emergency situations: How to react to an accident or brake failure, among other emergencies.

Take the general knowledge practice test here

Endorsement tests (if applicable)

Depending on the specific vehicle type or cargo, you can be required to take additional written tests for endorsements. Each endorsement carries unique requirements, the number of questions, along with the required accuracy rates (usually 80%). Here is an overview of common endorsement written tests:

Take the free online CDL endorsement practice test here

Air brake test (if applicable)

If your vehicle is equipped with an air brake system, you will be expected to undergo the air brake written test to demonstrate your knowledge of how the system works. The section consists of 25 questions, including:

• System components: Questions related to identifying compressors, tanks, valves, and other components.
• Functionality: Questions testing knowledge of what happens when using air brakes to generate a braking effect.
• Pre-trip inspection: Questions about steps to ensure the air brake system is safe before trips.
• Emergency braking: Test your knowledge of using emergency and parking brakes.
• Warning indicators: Questions about identifying dashboard warnings and audible signals.

Practice the CDL air brake test here

Combination vehicle test (if applicable)

This test is for Class A CDL applicants, consisting of 20 questions on the safe operation of big combination vehicles such as tractor-trailers. Key topics include:

• Coupling and uncoupling: Procudesure for safe coupling and uncoupling trailers.
• Weight distribution: The understanding of safe loading practices, and the balance of loads.
• Turning and maneuvering: Knowledge for safely turning tight corners and maneuvering in confined spaces.

Take the free CDL combination vehicle test here

Once you pass the required knowledge tests, you will be issued a Commercial Learner’s Permit. You must possess the CLP for no less than 14 days before taking any skills tests. This allows you to have time to practice and prepare on the road before taking the on-road skill evaluations.

If you are seeking comprehensive materials to prepare for the CDL written tests, CDL Prep is an ideal option with a wealth of practice tests for different test sections.

Take 100% free online CDL practice tests here

Step 4: Complete Entry-Level Driver Training

Once you have passed the knowledge tests and obtained a CLP, the next step includes completion of the ELDT program. This program includes:

• Theory training: You will enroll in the classroom, learning about safety regulations, operational procedures, and hazard handling.
• Behind-the-wheel training: You will be trained in practical skills required for safe vehicle operation.

After completing the training provided by an FMCSA-registered training provider, you will be issued an ELDT certification. This is required before you schedule your skills test.

Step 5: Pass the skills test

The skills test is designed to measure your ability to drive safely and operate a commercial vehicle in real traffic and roadways. It is divided into three parts to determine whether you have the required proficiency in the control of your vehicle, inspection routines, and road-driving judgment:

Pre-trip vehicle inspection

This round required you to practice specific knowledge of composition and all safety mechanisms concerning the vehicle. You are expected to identify and describe all the critical parts, including brakes, tires, lights, and mirrors, identifying whether parts are in good working condition or not. This inspection confirms your ability to identify expected problems and further confirm the roadworthiness of your vehicle before starting any trip.

For a better understanding of this section, you can check our post on CDL pre-trip vehicle inspection.

Basic control skills test

This section tests some common maneuvers, including backing straight, turning in tight spaces, and parking the vehicle within boundaries. These practice tests asses your skills in handling the vehicle within confined areas by keeping it precisely within the space, ensuring you prepare for situations at loading zones or tight car parks.

To learn more about what is expected in this test section, check our post on the CDL basic control skills test.

On-road driving test

This final part of the skills test takes you onto public roads, where you will drive under an examiner’s supervision. This section includes skills to merge into the traffic flow, make turns, keep a safe following distance from the rest of the traffic, and follow the traffic rules. You will be aware of junctions to prove you are fit to face different traffic conditions.

To have more detailed information about this practical driving test, you can read our post om the CDL on-the-road driving test.

Step 6: Get your CDL

Once you have passed the skills test, go back to your local DMV office with the test results and pay your applicable licensing fees. After your paperwork has been processed, you will normally be issued a temporary CDL on the same day. This temporary credential will automatically permit you to drive commercially, as this will be your provisional license. Your permanent CDL will be sent to you in the mail in 7 to 10 business days. Remember to verify all information on it for any mistakes, which could take time and cost money to correct.  Always check with your state’s DMV for any additional steps or unique requirements based on state regulations.

FAQs

1. Can you get your CDL online?

No, you cannot get a CDL entirely online. Though the application process and some preparatory classes can be done online, the official CDL written tests and skills tests have to be completed in person. The written tests are usually taken at a DMV, while the skills tests are done in a commercial vehicle on the road.

2. Are there any special requirements for the CDL test?

Depending on the class of CDL you are applying for and any endorsements such as hazardous materials or passenger transport, you can be required to meet specific requirements. Some requirements include the following:

• Medical examination certificate (MEC): This is a specific requirement for intrastate drivers or those transporting hazardous materials. You must undergo a medical examination to confirm you meet physical requirements for safe operation.
• Endorsements: Additional testing is especially required for certain endorsements, for example, passenger, school bus, and hazardous materials endorsements. Each endorsement has specific questions on the written tests and practical aspects of the skills test. For more information about different endorsements, check our post on CDL endorsement codes.

Always confirm additional requirements of your state with your local DMV about your CDL class and endorsements.

3. Is it hard to get a CDL with no experience?

Getting a CDL with no experience is possible, but it requires time and effort. In terms of written tests, it is essential to thoroughly study all areas which are possibly included in the knowledge tests. Utilize the comprehensive materials and practice tests by CDL Prep to be well-prepared for the actual written tests. In terms of practical driving skills, CDL training programs are recommended for new drivers. These training programs provide you with both classroom and behind-the-wheel training, helping you gain practical experience and be ready to hit the road.

4. How long does it take to get a CDL?

The answer depends on which kind of training program you prefer and your readiness, Typically, if you are attending a full-time CDL training program, it can take about 3-6 weeks to complete the training, written and skills tests. Those who attend part-time or independently may take longer, up to a few months.

For more detailed time estimation, you can read our post on How long it takes to get a CDL.

5. How much does it cost to get a CDL?

The cost of obtaining a CDL can range from low to extremely high based on many variables, including but not limited to the state you are living in, type of CDL, and training program. However, the total cost generally falls between $3,000 to $10,000 including application fees, school training, and other expenses.

For a detailed breakdown of CDL fees, check our post on How much CDL costs.

6. How to get a CDL for free?

There are several ways to reduce your CDL cost to even zero, specifically:

• Employment sponsor: Many companies offer CDL training programs that pay for the CDL costs if you sign an employment contract requiring you to work for them for a certain period.
• Government support: Veterans can get free CDL training thanks to benefits such as the GI Bill. The costs can also be covered under federal and state workforce funding programs, especially for the unemployed or those changing careers. How to get a CDL without going to school?

7. How to get a CDL without going to school?

While CDL schools will provide structured training, especially for new drivers, it is not mandatory to attend a CDL school to get a CDL. If you choose to self-study, you have to prepare for the written knowledge test by studying materials and taking practice tests from reliable resources, of which CDL Prep is one of the best. To prepare for the skills test, you will need access to a commercial vehicle to practice the required maneuvers: vehicle inspections, basic controls, and road driving.

8. Can I get my CDL back after 10 years?

The answer depends on several factors, including but not limited to the reason behind such lapse or suspension. If your CDL is simply expired, you have to reapply and retake the tests. If you have a revoked CDL, it could be different. Some states will require you to reapply and meet current standards. Suspension, depending on the seriousness of the offense, sometimes results in a wait or disqualifies you from reapplying. Check your state’s regulation about specific reinstatement rules and requirements.

Final Thoughts

Now you know how to get a CDL. Whether you are looking for paid training options to keep your costs low or studying on your own, this process is all about fulfilling the requirements and practicing diligently. With the right preparation, it is achievable for anyone. Getting a CDL can open various careers in commercial driving. So, follow our guidelines to get a CDL on hand and start this rewarding career today! Good luck on your journey.